This non-timber forest products (NTFP) and crop wild relatives (CWRs) sector vulnerability report provides a comparative analysis of the vulnerability of a few selected NTFPs and CWRs as examples from hotspot provinces identified within the Lower Mekong Basin. It uses a vulnerability assessment method considering the biological and climate tolerances of these species; comparing these first to the existing conditions of these hotspot areas, and then to the predicted climatic conditions. Adaptation recommendations for each of the selected species have been developed as a component of this review, either in the context of distinct hotspot areas or sometimes more generally. These were then synthesized into a set of different approaches for encouraging greater resilience amongst the NTFPs and CWRs found in the region.