The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been the lead funding agency in the transport sector in Cambodia over the past two decades. This performance evaluation aims to assess ADB assistance to the Cambodian transport sector during 1992–2008 and identify key areas for further improving the effectiveness of its operations. The evaluation's findings will also be used as inputs to the broader country assistance program evaluation that is being carried out by ADB’s Independent Evaluation Department. The overall program has been a success; however, continued investments in the sector, particularly in the road subsector, should emphasize and ensure adequate maintenance allocation, appropriate road safety standards, giving emphasis to software issues, as well as address resettlement concerns in a timely manner.